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A peak level indicator when a signal exceeds a certain maximum value. It can be quite useful, for instance, with tape recorders, mixing consoles etc. One of the most important requirements of a peak level indicator is that it should respond to very short signals.... [read more]

Many times we have found itself in the necessity to use a Zener diode and cannot to know the voltage of operation. Many times we cannot read the characteristics or the type that is written on her.... [read more]

This circuit has been very useful in filling a header tank for a reticulated water supply on a farm. Eight troughs are supplied in different paddocks where a lack of water would have serious consequences for the stock. In the past, the tank had been filled daily by a time clock which was not successful. During hot weather, the stock would empty the tank on a regular basis and then be without water for several hours or the tank would overflow and flood the area if the weather was wet and the cattle did not drink much.... [read more]

Here is the circuit diagram of Two Flashing LED's for different applications (such as model construction), and recreational. Having adjustable flashing speed with two potentiometers. It is the collection of a few active and passive components. This circuit is very easy to built ( a good idea for beginners ) and can be build on a general purpose pcb or on a veroboard. The complete picture and schematic of this project is shown below... [read more]

This circuit operates a LED in pulsing mode, i.e. the LED goes from off state, lights up gradually, then dims gradually, etc.... [read more]

This circuit provides a delayed visual indication when a door bell switch is pressed. In addition, a DPDT switch can be moved from within the house which will light a lamp in the door bell switch. The lamp can illuminate the words "Please Wait" for anyone with walking difficulties.... [read more]